• 1  Yawalkar N. Drug‐induced exanthems. Toxicology 2005;209(2):131–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 2  Fiszenson‐Albala F, Auzerie V, Mahe E, et al. A 6‐month prospective survey of cutaneous drug reactions in a hospital setting. Br J Dermatol 2003;149(5):1018–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 3  Hernandez‐Salazar A, Rosales SP, Rangel‐Frausto S, Criollo E, Archer‐Dubon C, Orozco‐Topete R. Epidemiology of adverse cutaneous drug reactions. A prospective study in hospitalized patients. Arch Med Res 2006;37(7):899–902. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 4  Justiniano H, Berlingeri‐Ramos AC, Sanchez JL. Pattern analysis of drug‐induced skin diseases. Am J Dermatopathol 2008;30(4):352–69. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 5  Bialecki C, Feder HM Jr, Grant‐Kels JM. The six classic childhood exanthems: a review and update. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21(5 Pt 1):891–903. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 6  Drago F, Paolino S, Rebora A, Broccolo F, Cardo P, Parodi A. The challenge of diagnosing atypical exanthems: a clinico‐laboratory study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67(6):1282–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 7  Rustin MH. The safety of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a review. Br J Dermatol 2007;157(5):861–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 8  Jeck T, Edmonds D, Mengden T, et al. Betablocking drugs in essential hypertension: transdermal bupranolol compared with oral metoprolol. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1992;12(3):139–48. Pubmed link
  • 9  van der Linden PD, van der Lei J, Vlug AE, Stricker BH. Skin reactions to antibacterial agents in general practice. J Clin Epidemiol 1998;51(8):703–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 10  Swegle JM, Logemann C. Management of common opioid‐induced adverse effects. Am Fam Phys 2006;74(8):1347–54.
  • 11  Reich A, Szepietowski JC. Opioid‐induced pruritus: an update. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010;35(1):2–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 12  Ganesh A, Maxwell LG. Pathophysiology and management of opioid‐induced pruritus. Drugs 2007;67(16):2323–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 13  Adebayo RA, Sofowora GG, Onayemi O, Udoh SJ, Ajayi AA. Chloroquine‐induced pruritus in malaria fever: contribution of malaria parasitaemia and the effects of prednisolone, niacin, and their combination, compared with antihistamine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997;44(2):157–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 14  Ekpechi OL, Okoro AN. A pattern of pruritus due to chloroquine. Arch Dermatol 1964;89:631–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 15  Weisshaar E, Ziethen B, Gollnick H. Can a serotonin type 3 (5‐HT3) receptor antagonist reduce experimentally‐induced itch? Inflamm Res 1997;46(10):412–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 16  Stander S, Bockenholt B, Schurmeyer‐Horst F, et al. Treatment of chronic pruritus with the selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors paroxetine and fluvoxamine: results of an open‐labelled, two‐arm proof‐of‐concept study. Acta Derm Venereol 2009;89(1):45–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 17  Schneeberger R, Albegger K, Oberascher G, Miller K. [Pruritus – a side effect of hydroxyethyl starch? First report.] HNO 1990;38(8):298–303. Pubmed link
  • 18  Bork K. Pruritus precipitated by hydroxyethyl starch: a review. Br J Dermatol 2005;152(1):3–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 19  Reich A, Stander S, Szepietowski JC. Drug‐induced pruritus: a review. Acta Derm Venereol 2009;89(3):236–44. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 20  Wolfhagen FH, Sternieri E, Hop WC, Vitale G, Bertolotti M, Van Buuren HR. Oral naltrexone treatment for cholestatic pruritus: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Gastroenterology 1997;113(4):1264–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 21  Rietschel RL, Fowler JF. Fisher's Contact Dermatitis, 6th edn. Ontario: BC Decker, 2007.
  • 22  Johansen JD, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin J‐P. Contact Dermatitis, 5th edn. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 2010.
  • 23  Menne T, Veien NK, Maibach HI. Systemic contact‐type dermatitis due to drugs. Semin Dermatol 1989;8(3):144–8. Pubmed link
  • 24  Berman BA, Ross RN. Ethylenediamine: systemic eczematous contact‐type dermatitis. Cutis 1983;31(6):594, 596, 598. Pubmed link
  • 25  Hardy C, Schofield O, George CF. Allergy to aminophylline. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 1983;286(6383):2051–2. Cross Ref link
  • 26  Aeling JL, Nuss DD. Letter: Systemic eczematous “contact‐type” dermatitis medicamentosa caused by parabens. Arch Dermatol 1974;110(4):640. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 27  Ekelund AG, Moller H. Oral provocation in eczematous contact allergy to neomycin and hydroxy‐quinolines. Acta Derm Venereol 1969;49(4):422–6. Pubmed link
  • 28  Pirila V. Endogenic contact eczema. Allerg Asthma (Leipz) 1970;16(1):15–19. Pubmed link
  • 29  Thyssen JP, Maibach HI. Drug‐elicited systemic allergic (contact) dermatitis – update and possible pathomechanisms. Contact Dermatitis 2008;59(4):195–202. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 30  Sans V, Jouary T, Hubiche T, Smith D, Milpied B, Taieb A. Baboon syndrome induced by cetuximab. Arch Dermatol 2008;144(2):272–4. Pubmed link
  • 31  Ferreira O, Mota A, Morais P, Cunha AP, Azevedo F. Symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) induced by telmisartan‐hydrochlorothiazide. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2010;29(4):293–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 32  Allain‐Veyrac G, Lebreton A, Collonnier C, Jolliet P. First case of symmetric drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) due to rivastigmine? Am J Clin Dermatol 2011;12(3):210–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 33  Lugovic‐Mihic L, Duvancic T, Vucic M, Situm M, Kolic M, Mihic J. SDRIFE (baboon syndrome) due to paracetamol: case report. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2013;21(2):113–17. Pubmed link
  • 34  Culav I, Ljubojevic S, Buzina DS. Baboon syndrome/SDRIFE due to sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim. Int J Dermatol 2013;52(9):1159–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 35  Veien NK. Systemic contact dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2011;50(12):1445–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 36  Joly P, Benoit‐Corven C, Baricault S, et al. Chronic eczematous eruptions of the elderly are associated with chronic exposure to calcium channel blockers: results from a case–control study. J Invest Dermatol 2007;127:2766–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 37  Hausemann P, Harr TH, Bircher AJ. Baboon syndrome resulting from systemic drugs: is there strife between SDRIFE and allergic contact dermatitis syndrome? Contact Dermatitis 2004;51:297–310. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 38  Tan SC, Tan JW. Symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;11:313–18 Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 39  Lee HY, Phillippidou M, Schey S, Selway R, Walsh S, Creamer D. Flexural eruption in two hospitalized patients. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013 May 20. Pubmed link
  • 40  Winnicki M, Shear NH. A systematic approach to systemic contact dermatitis and symmetric drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE): a closer look at these conditions and an approach to intertriginous eruptions. Am J Clin Dermatol 2011;1:171–80. Cross Ref link
  • 41  Dona I, Blanca‐Lopez N, Torres MJ, et al. Drug hypersensitivity reactions: response patterns, drug involved, and temporal variations in a large series of patients. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2012;22(5):363–71. Pubmed link
  • 42  Comert S, Celebioglu E, Karakaya G, Kalyoncu AF. The general characteristics of acute urticaria attacks and the factors predictive of progression to chronic urticaria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013;41(4):239–45. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 43  Lieberman P, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, et al. The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis practice parameter: 2010 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126(3):477–80, e1–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 44  Jee R, Nel L, Gnanakumaran G, Williams A, Eren E. Four cases of anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine impregnated central venous catheters: a case cluster or the tip of the iceberg? Br J Anaesth 2009;103(4):614–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 45  Rutkowski K, Dua S, Nasser S. Anaphylaxis: current state of knowledge for the modern physician. Postgrad Med J 2012;88(1042):458–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 46  Shipley D, Ormerod AD. Drug‐induced urticaria. Recognition and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001;2(3):151–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 47  Mathelier‐Fusade P. Drug‐induced urticarias. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2006;30(1):19–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 48  Stewart AG, Ewan PW. The incidence, aetiology and management of anaphylaxis presenting to an accident and emergency department. QJM 1996;89(11):859–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 49  Pumphrey RS. Lessons for management of anaphylaxis from a study of fatal reactions. Clin Exp Allergy 2000;30(8):1144. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 50  Baert F, Noman M, Vermeire S, et al. Influence of immunogenicity on the long‐term efficacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med 2003;348(7):601–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 51  Crayne CB, Gerhold K, Cron RQ. Anaphylaxis to etanercept in two children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2013;19(3):129–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 52  Busse PJ, Buckland MS. Non‐histaminergic angioedema: focus on bradykinin‐mediated angioedema. Clin Exp Allergy 2013;43(4):385–94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 53  Moneret‐Vautrin DA, Morisset M, Flabbee J, Beaudouin E, Kanny G. Epidemiology of life‐threatening and lethal anaphylaxis: a review. Allergy 2005;60(4):443–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 54  Bock SA, Munoz‐Furlong A, Sampson HA. Fatalities due to anaphylactic reactions to foods. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107(1):191–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 55  Mirakian R, Ewan PW, Durham SR, et al. BSACI guidelines for the management of drug allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2009;39(1):43–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 56  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2014. Drug allergy: diagnosis and management of drug allergy in adults, children and young people http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg183 (last accessed 20 August 2015).
  • 57  Sachs B, Fischer‐Barth W, Erdmann S, Merk HF, Seebeck J. Anaphylaxis and toxic epidermal necrolysis or Stevens–Johnson syndrome after nonmucosal topical drug application: fact or fiction? Allergy 2007;62(8):877–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 58  Dzingina M, Stegenga H, Heath M, et al. Assessment and referral after emergency treatment of a suspected anaphylactic episode: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2011;343:d7595. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 59  Vial T, Pont J, Pham E, et al. Cefaclor‐associated serum sickness‐like disease: eight cases and review of the literature. Ann Pharmacother 1992;26:910–14. Pubmed link
  • 60  Terrados S, Blanca M, Garcia J, et al. Nonimmediate reactions to betalactams: prevalence and role of the different penicillins. Allergy 1995;50:563–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 61  Kearns GL, Wheeler G, Childress SH, Letzig LG. Serum sickness‐like reactions to cefaclor: Role of hepatic metabolism and individual susceptibililty. J Pediatr 1994;125:805–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 62  Tolpinrud WL, Bunick CG, King BA. Serum sickness‐like reaction: Histopathology and case report. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:e83–5 Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 63  King BA, Geelhoed GC. Adverse skin and joint reactions associated with oral antibiotics in children: The role of cefaclor in serum sickness‐like reactions. J Paediatr Child Health 2003;39:677–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 64  Hebert AA, Sigman ES, Levy ML. Serum sickness‐like reaction from cefaclor in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:805–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 65  Venna S. Severe serum sickness‐like type III reaction to insulin detemir. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;64:128. Cross Ref link
  • 66  Creamer JD, McGrath JA, Webb‐Peploe M, Smith NP. Serum sickness‐like illness following streptokinase therapy. A case report. Clin Exp Dermatol 1995;20:468–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 67  Landau M, Shachar E, Brenner S. Minocycline‐induced serum sickness‐like reaction. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000;14:67–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 68  Katta R, Anusuri V. Serum sickness‐like reaction to cefuroxime: A case report and review of the literature. J Drug Dermatol 2007;6:747–8.
  • 69  Cozzi A, Doria A, Gisondi P, Girolomoni G. Skin rash and arthritis: a simplified appraisal of less common associations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014;14:28:679–88. Cross Ref link
  • 70  Blanco‐Lopez N, Zapatero L, Alonson E, et al. Skin testing and drug provocation in the diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to aminopenicillins in children. Allergy 2009;64:229–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 71  Park H, Knowles S, Shear NH. Serum sickness‐like reaction to itraconazole. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:1249. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 72  Swanson J, English JC 3rd. Serum sickness‐like reaction to Pamabrom. J Drug Dermatol 2006;5:294–6.
  • 73  Parra F, Perez Eliase M, Cuevas M, Ferreira A. Serum sickness‐like illness associated with rifampicin. Ann Allergy 1994;73:123–5. Pubmed link
  • 74  Ralph ED, John M, Rieder MJ, Bombassaro AM. Serum sickness‐like reaction possibly associated with meropenem use. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:e149–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 75  Beyens MN, Guy C, Mounier G, et al. Serious adverse reactions of bupropion for smoking cessation: analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance Database from 2001 to 2004. Drug Saf 2008;31:1017–26. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 76  Philips EJ, Knowles SR, Shear NH. Serum sickness‐like reaction associated with clopidogrel. Ann Pharmacother 2003;56:583.
  • 77  Miller LG, Bowman RC, Mann D, Tripathy A. A case of fluoxetine‐induced serum sickness. Am J Psychiatry 1989;146:1616–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 78  Sanchez G, Vila L, Pajaron M, Dieguez I. Skin manifestation of a case of phenylbutazone‐induced serum sickness‐like reactions. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2000;10:170–2. Pubmed link
  • 79  Hamzaoglu H, Cooper J, Alsahli M, et al. Safety of infliximab in Crohn's disease: a large single‐center experience. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010;16:2109–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 80  Lecluse LLA, Piskin G, Mekkes JR, et al. Review and expert opinion on prevention and treatment of infliximab‐related infusion reactions. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:527–36. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 81  Todd DJ, Helfgott. Serum sickness following treatment with rituximab. J Rheumatol 2007;34:430–3. Pubmed link
  • 82  Pilette C, Coppens N, Houssiau FA, Rodenstein DO. Severe serum sickness‐like syndrome after omalizumab therapy for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120:972–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 83  Shiohara T, Mizukawa Y. The immunological basis of lichenoid tissue reaction. Autoimmun Rev 2005;4(4):236–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 84  Batchelor JR, Welsh KI, Tinoco RM, et al. Hydralazine‐induced systemic lupus erythematosus: influence of HLA‐DR and sex on susceptibility. Lancet 1980;1(8178):1107–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 85  Dunphy J, Oliver M, Rands AL, Lovell CR, McHugh NJ. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and HLA class II alleles in minocycline‐induced lupus‐like syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2000;142(3):461–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 86  Lage D, Juliano PB, Metze K, de Souza EM, Cintra ML. Lichen planus and lichenoid drug‐induced eruption: a histological and immunohistochemical study. Int J Dermatol 2012;51(10):1199–205. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 87  Van den Haute V, Antoine JL, Lachapelle JM. Histopathological discriminant criteria between lichenoid drug eruption and idiopathic lichen planus: retrospective study on selected samples. Dermatologica 1989;179(1):10–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 88  Marzano AV, Tavecchio S, Menicanti C, Crosti C. Drug‐induced lupus erythematosus. Giornal Ital Dermatol Venereol 2014;149(3):301–9.
  • 89  Asarch A, Gottlieb AB, Lee J, et al. Lichen planus‐like eruptions: an emerging side effect of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha antagonists. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;61(1):104–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 90  Brazzelli V, Muzio F, Manna G, et al. Photoinduced dermatitis and oral lichenoid reaction in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient treated with imatinib mesylate. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2012;28(1):2–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 91  Bakkour W, Coulson IH. GA101 (a novel anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody)‐induced lichenoid eruption. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2012;2(1):3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 92  Hess E. Drug‐related lupus. N Engl J Med 1988;318(22):1460–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 93  Halevy S, Shai A. Lichenoid drug eruptions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29(2 Pt 1):249–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 94  Shiohara T, Mizukawa Y. Fixed drug eruption: a disease mediated by self‐inflcited responses of intraepidermal T cells. Eur J Dermatol 2007;201–8. Pubmed link
  • 95  Antonov D, Kazandjieva J, Etugov D, Gospodinov D, Tsankov N. Drug‐induced lupus erythematosus. Clin Dermatol 2004;22(2):157–66. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 96  Valeyrie‐Allanore L, Sassolas B, Roujeau JC. Drug‐induced skin, nail and hair disorders. Drug Saf 2007;30(11):1011–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 97  Pretel M, Marques L, Espana A. Drug‐induced lupus erythematosus. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2014;1:18–30. Cross Ref link
  • 98  Ellgehausen P, Elsner P, Burg G. Drug‐induced lichen planus. Clin Dermatol 1998;16(3):325–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 99  Ozkaya E. Fixed drug eruption: state of the art. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2008;3:181–8. Cross Ref link
  • 100  Thankappan TP, Zachariah J. Drug specific clinical pattern in fixed drug eruptions. Int J Dermatol 1991;30:867–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 101  Rahman MH. Fixed drug eruption in Bangladeshi population: confirmed by provocative test. Int J Dermatol 2014;53:255–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 102  Savin JA. Current causes of fixed drug eruption in the U.K. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:667–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 103  Brahumi N, Routier E, Raison‐Peyron, et al. A three‐year‐analysis of fixed drug eruptions in hospital setting in France. Eur J Dermatol 2010;20:461–4. Pubmed link
  • 104  Volz T, Berner D, Weigert, et al. Fixed food eruption caused by asparagus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:1390–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 105  Fukushima S, Kidou M, Ihn H. Fixed food eruption caused by cashew nut. Allergol Int 2008;57:285–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 106  Tan C, Zhu WY. Chinese herbal medicine: a neglected offender for fixed drug eruptions. Eur J Dermatol 2010;20:397–9. Pubmed link
  • 107  Lee HY, Tay LK, Thirumoorthy T, Pang SM. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in hospitalised patients. Singapore Med J 2010;5:767–74.
  • 108  Apaydin R, Bilen N, Sokmeci S, et al. Drug eruptions: a study including all inpatients and outpatients at a dermatology clinic of a university hospital. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000;14:513–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 109  Stubb S, Heikkila H, Kauppinen K. Cutaneous reactions to drugs: a series of inpatients during a five year period. Acta Derm Venereol 1994;74:289–91 Pubmed link
  • 110  Mizukawa Y, Yamazaki Y, Shiohara T. In vivo dynamics of intraepidermal CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells during the evolution of fixed drug eruptions. Br J Dermatol 2008;158:1230–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 111  Shiohara T. Fixed drug eruption: pathogenesis and diagnostic tests. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;9:316–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 112  Ozkaya‐Bayazit E, Akar U. Fixed drug eruption induced by trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole: evidence for a link to HLA‐A30 B13 CW6 haplotype. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:712–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 113  Pellicano R, Lomuto M, Ciavarella G, et al. Fixed drug eruptions with feprazone are linked to HLA‐B22. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:782–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 114  Ramdial PK, Naidoo DK. Drug‐induced cutaneous pathology. J Clin Pathol 2009;62:493–504. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 115  Mockenhaupt M. Severe drug‐induced skin reactions: clinical pattern, diagnostics and therapy. JDDG 2009;7:142–62. Pubmed link
  • 116  Ozkaya‐Bayazit E, Bayazit H, Ozarmagan G. Drug related clinical pattern in fixed drug eruption. Eur J Dermatol 2000;10:288–91. Pubmed link
  • 117  Lipowicz S, Sekula P, Ingen‐Housz‐Oro S, et al. Prognosis of generalized bullous fixed drug eruption: comparison with Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Br J Dermatol 2013;168:726–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 118  Barbaud A, Goncalo M, Bruynzeel D, et al. Guidelines for performing skin tests with drugs in the investigation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45:321–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 119  Andrade P, Brinca A, Goncalo M. Patch testing in fixed drug eruptions – a 20‐year review. Contact Dermatitis 2011;65:195–201. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 120  Gupta R, Thami GP. Fixed drug eruption caused by itraconazole: reactivity and cross reactivity. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:521–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 121  Sehgal VN, Srivastava G. Fixed drug eruption (FDE): Changing scenario of incriminating drugs. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:897–908. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 122  Fox BJ, Odom RB. Papulosquamous diseases: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;12:597–624. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 123  Atzori L, Pinnal Al, Ferreli C, Aste N. Pityriasis rosea‐like adverse reaction: review of the literature and experience of an Italian drug‐surveillance center. Dermatol Online J 2006;12:1. Pubmed link
  • 124  Atzori L, Ferreli C, Pinna AL, et al. Pityriasis rosea‐like adverse reaction to Lisinopril. Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004;18:743–5. Cross Ref link
  • 125  Wilkinson SM, Smith AG, Davis MJ, et al. Pityriasis rosea and discoid eczema: dose related reactions to treatment with gold. Ann Rheum Dis 1992;51:881–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 126  Ramdial PK, Naidoo DK. Drug‐induced cutaneous pathology. J Clin Pathol 2009;62:493–504. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 127  Justiiano H, Berlingeri‐Ramos AC, Sanchez JL. Pattern analysis of drug‐induced skin diseases. Am J Dermatopathol 2008;30:352–69. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 128  Maize JC, Tomecki KJ. Pityriasis rosea‐like drug eruption secondary to metronidazole. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:1458–9. Cross Ref link
  • 129  Wilkin JK, Kirkendall WM. Pityriasis rosea‐like rash from Captopril. Arch Dermatol 1982;118:186–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 130  Gonzalez LM, Allen R, Janniger CK, et al. Pityriasis rosea: An important papulosquamous disease. Int J Dermatol 2005;44:757–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 131  Buckley C. Pityriasis rosea‐like eruption in a patient receiving omeprazole. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:660–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 132  Gupta AK, Lynde CW, Lauzon GJ, et al. Cutaneous adverse effects associated with terbinafine therapy: 10 case reports and a review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:529–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 133  Helfman RJ, Brickman M, Fahey J. Isotretinoin dermatitis simulating acute pityriasis rosea. Cutis 1984;33:297–300. Pubmed link
  • 134  Makdisi J, Amin B, Friedman A. Pityriasis rosea‐like drug reaction to Asenapine. J Drugs Dermatol 2013;12:1050–1. Pubmed link
  • 135  Evangelia P, Ionnis P, Michael M, et al. Pityriasis rosea‐like eruption associated with lamotrigine. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68:180–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 136  Bangash HK, Finch T, Petronic‐Rosi V, et al. Pityriasis rosea‐like drug eruption due to nortriptyline in a patient with vulvodynia. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2013;17:226–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 137  Lai YW, Chou CY, Shen WW, Lu ML. Pityriasis rosea‐like eruption associated with clozapine: a case report. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012;34:e5–7. Cross Ref link
  • 138  Aydogan K, Karadogan SK, Adim SB, Tunali S. Pityriasis rosea‐like eruption due to ergotamine: a case report. J Dermatol 2005;32:407–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 139  Brazzelli V, Prestinari F, Roveda E, et al. Pityriasis rosea‐like eruption during treatment with imatinib mesylate: description of 3 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:S240–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 140  Sezer E, Erkek E, Cetin E, Sahin S. Pityriasis rosea‐like drug eruption related to rituximab treatment. J Dermatol 2013;40:495–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 141  Guarneri C, Polimeni G, Nunnari G. Pityriasis rosea during etanercept therapy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2009;13:383–7. Pubmed link
  • 142  Raipara SN, Ormerod AD, Gallaway L. Adalimumab‐induced pityriasis rosea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007;21:1294–6. Pubmed link
  • 143  Durusoy C, Alpsoy E, Yilmaz E. Pityriasis rosea in a patient with Behcet's disease treated with interferon alpha 2A. J Dermatol 1999;26:225–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 144  Sezer E, Erkek E, Cetin E, Sahin S. Pityriasis rosea‐like drug eruption related to rituximab treatment. J Dermatol 2013;40:495–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 145  Sasmaz S, Karabiber H, Boran C, et al. Pityriasis rosea‐like eruption due to pneumococcal vaccine in a child with nephrotic syndrome. J Dermatol 2003;30:245–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 146  Requena L, Sanchez Yus E. Erythema nodosum. Dermatol Clin 2008;26:425–38. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 147  Garcia‐Porrua C, Gonzalez‐Gay M, Vazquez‐Caruncho M, et al. Erythema nodosum. Etiologic and predictive factors in a defined population. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:584–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 148  Psychos DN, VoulgarI PV, Skopouli FN, et al. Erythema nodosum: the underlying conditions. Clin Rheumatol 2000;19:212–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 149  Papagrigoraki A, Gisondi P, Rosina P, et al. Erythema nodosum: etiologic factors and relapses in a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Dermatol 2010;20:773–7. Pubmed link
  • 150  Kakourou T, Drosatou P, Psychou F, et al. Erythema nodosum in children: a prospective study J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:17–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 151  Halevy S, Gold I, Cohen A, et al. In vitro interferon‐gamma release test in the diagnosis of drug‐induced erythema nodosum. Isr Med Assoc J 2004;6:59–60. Pubmed link
  • 152  Tan BB, Leart JT, Smith AG. Acne fulminans and erythema nodosum during isotretinoin therapy responding to dapsone. Clin Exp Dermatol 1997;22:26–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 153  Yang SG, Han KH, Cho KH, Lee AY. Development of erythema nodosum in the course of oestrogen replacement therapy. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:319–20. Pubmed link
  • 154  Bhalla M, Thami GP, Singh N. Ciprofloxacin‐induced erythema nodosum. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007;32:115–16. Pubmed link
  • 155  De Fonclare A Khosrotehrani K, Aractingi S, et al. Erythema nodosum‐like eruption as a manifestation of azathioprine hypersensitivity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:744–8. Pubmed link
  • 156  Bridges AJ, Granziano FM, Calhoun W, Reizner GT. Hyperpigmentation, neutrophilic alveolitis and erythema nodosum resulting from minocycline. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:959–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 157  Longueville C, Doffoel‐Hantz V, Hantz S, et al. Garadil‐induced erythema nodosum. Rev Med Interne 2012;33:e17–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 158  Di Giusto Ca, Bernhard JD. Erythema nodosum provoked by hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 1986;1:2;1042. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 159  George S, George B, Gorak E. Erythema nodosum secondary to granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma during CD34+ cell mobilization for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a dose‐mediated effect. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005;11:816–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 160  Jhaveri K, Halperin P, Shin SJ, Vahdat L. Erythema nodosum secondary to aromatase inhibitor use in breast cancer patients: case reports and review of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007;106:315–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 161  Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with Echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 162  Plewig G, Jansen T. Acneiform dermatoses. Dermatology 1998;196:102–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 163  Du‐Thanh A, Kluger N, Bensalleh H, Guillot B. Drug‐induced acneiform eruption. Am J Clin Dermatol 2011;12:233–45. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 164  Momin SB, Peterson A, Del Rosso JQ. A status report on drug‐associated acne and acneiform eruptions. J Drugs Dermatol 2010;9:627–36. Pubmed link
  • 165  Valeyrie‐Allanore, Sassolas B, Roujeau JC. Drug‐induced skin, nail and hair disorders. Drug Saf 2007;30:1011–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 166  Shibata M, Katsuyama M, Onodera T, et al. Glucocorticoids enhance toll‐like receptor 2 expression in human keratinocytes stimulated with Propionibacteria acnes or proinflammatory cytokines. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:375–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 167  Scott MJ, Scott AM. Effects of anabolic‐androgenic steroids on the pilosebaceous unit. Cutis 1992;50:113–16. Pubmed link
  • 168  Melnik B, Jansen T, Grabbe S. Abuse of anabolic‐androgenic steroids and bodybuilding acne: an underestimated health problem. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2007;5:110–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 169  Mahe E, Morelon E, Lechaton S, et al. Acne in recipients of renal transplantation treated with sirolumus: Clinical, microbiologic, histologic, therapeutic and pathogenic aspects. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:139–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 170  Fung MA, Berger TG. A prospective study of acute‐onset acne associated with administration of intravenous corticosteroids. Dermatology 2000;200:43–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 171  Brodell LA, Hepper D, Lind A, et al. Histopathology of acneiform eruptions in patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. J Cutan Pathol 2013;40:865–70. Pubmed link
  • 172  Fyrand P, Fiskaadal HJ, Trygstad O. Acne in pubertal boys undergoing treatment with androgens. Acta Derm Venereol 1992;72:148–9. Pubmed link
  • 173  Traupe H, Von Mijlendahl, Bramswig J, et al. Acne of the fulminans type following testosterone therapy in three excessively tall boys. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:414–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 174  Heydenreich G. Testosterone and anabolic steroids and acne fulminans. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:571–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 175  Dupre A, Albarel N, Bonafe JL, et al. Vitamin B‐12 induced acnes. Cutis 1979;24:210–11. Pubmed link
  • 176  Bencini PL, Montagnino G, Sala F, et al. Cutaneous lesions in 67 cyclosporin‐treated renal transplant recipients. Dermatologica 1986;172:24–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 177  Vexiau P, Gourmel B, Castot A, et al. Severe acne due to chronic amineptine overdose. Arch Dermatol Res 1990;282:103–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 178  Sarantidis D, Waters B. A review and controlled study of cutaneous conditions associated with lithium carbonate. Br J Psychiatr 1983;143:42–50. Cross Ref link
  • 179  Gunwald MH, Ben‐dor D, Livni E, et al. Acne keloidalis‐like lesions on the scalp associated with antiepileptic drugs. Int J Dermatol 1990;29:559–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 180  Holdiness MR. Adverse cutaneous reactions to antituberculosis drugs. Int J Dermatol 1985;24:280–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 181  Robert C, Soria JC, Spatz A, et al. Cutaneous side‐effects of kinase inhibitors and blocking antibodies. Lancet Oncol 2005;6:491–500. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 182  Heidary N, Naik H, Burgin S. Chemotherapeutic agents and the skin: An update. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:545–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 183  Herbst RS, LoRusso PM, Purdom M, et al. Dermatologic side effects associated with gefitinib therapy: Clinical experience and management. Clin Lung Cancer 2003;4:366–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 184  Lacouture ME. Mechanisms of cutaneous toxicities to EGFR inhibitors. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:803–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 185  Martin JM, Jorda E, Monteagudo C, et al. Follicular acneiform eruption induced by imatinib. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006;20:1368–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 186  Khaled A, Sellami A, Fazaa B, et al. Acquired erythroderma in adults: a clinical and prognostic study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010;24:781–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 187  Li J, Zheng HY. Erythroderma: a clinical and prognostic study. Dermatology 2012;225:154–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 188  Nicolis GD, Helwig EB. Exfoliative dermatitis. A clinicopathologic study of 135 patients. Arch Dermatol 1973 Dec;108(6):788–97. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 189  Sigurdsson V, Toonstra J, Hazemans‐Boer M, et al. Erythroderma – a clinical and follow‐up study of 102 patients with special emphasis on survival. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:53–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 190  Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie‐Allanore L, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol doi:10.1111/BJD.12501.
  • 191  Fiszenson‐Albala F, Auzerie V, Mahe E, et al. A 6‐month prospective survey of cutaneous drug reactions in a hospital setting. Br J Dermatol 2003;149:1018–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 192  Lee HY, Tay LK, Thirumoorthy T, Pang SM. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. Singapore Med J 2010;51:767–74. Pubmed link
  • 193  Fierro MT, Comessatti A, Quaglino P, et al. Expression pattern of chemokine receptors and chemokine release in inflammatory erythroderma and Sezary syndrome. Dermatology 2006;213:284–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 194  Barbaud AM, Bene MC, Reichert‐Penetrat S, et al. Immunocompetent cells and adhesion molecules in 14 cases of cutaneous drug reactions induced with the use of antibiotics. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1040–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 195  Hung SI, Chung WH, Liou LB, et al. HLA‐B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:4134–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 196  McCormack M, Alfirevic A, Bourgeois S, et al. HLA‐A*3101 and carbamazepine‐induced hypersensitivity reactions in Europeans. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1134–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 197  Walsh NMG, Prokopetz R, Tron VA, et al. Histopathology in erythroderma: review of a series of cases by multiple observers. J Cutan Pathol 1994;419–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 198  Zip C, Murray S, Walsh NMG. The specificity of histopathology in erythroderma. J Cutan Pathol 1993;20:393–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 199  Pal S, Haroon TS. Erythroderma: a clinic‐etiologic study of 90 cases. Int J Dermatol 1998;37:104–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 200  Akhyani M, Ghodsi ZS, Toosi S, Dabbaghian H. Erythroderma: A clinical study of 97 cases. BMC Dermatol 2005;5:5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 201  Hasan T, Jansen CT. Erythroderma: a follow‐up of fifty cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:836–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 202  Barbaud A, Goncalo M, Bruynzeel D, Bircher A. Guidelines for performing skin tests with drugs in the investigation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45:321–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 203  Rym BM, Mourad M, Bechir Z, et al. Erythroderma in adults: a report of 80 cases. Int J Dermatol 2005;44:731–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 204  Sehgai VN, Srivastava. Exfoliative dermatitis: A prospective study of 80 patients. Dermatologica 1986;173:278–84. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 205  Zhang JC, Sun YT. Efavirenz‐induced exfoliative dermatitis. Scand J Infect Dis 2013;45:70–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 206  Mahe E, Descamps V, Baikian B, et al. Acitretin‐induced erythroderma in a psoriatic patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006;20:1133–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 207  Cockayne SE, Glet RJ, Gawkrodger DJ, McDonagh AJG. Severe erythrodermic reactions to the proton pump inhibitors and lansoprazole. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:173–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 208  Reynolds NJ, Jonmes SK, Crossley J, Harman RRM. Exfoliative dermatitis due to Nifedipine. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:401–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 209  Vano‐Galvan S, Fernandez‐Guarino MM, Henriquez‐Santana A, De Las Heras E. Imatinib‐induced erythroderma mediated by an unusual non‐dose‐dependent mechanism. Eur J Dermatol 2007;17:538–9. Pubmed link
  • 210  Gallelli L, Ferraro M, Mauro GF, et al. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis induced by interferon alfa. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:2173–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 211  Yuan XY, Guo JY, Dang YP, et al. Erythroderma: a clinical‐etiological study of 82 cases. Eur J Dermatol 2010;20:373–7. Pubmed link
  • 212  Horiuchi Y. Propolis induced erythroderma. J Dermatol 2001;28:580–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link