Part 5, Reference for Chapter 59: Cutaneous Mucinoses
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Introduction and general description
- 1 Mucinoses. In: Rongioletti F, Smoller BR, eds. Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Skin Diseases in Endocrine, Metabolic, Nutritional and Deposition Disease. New York: Springer, 2010:139–52. Cross Ref link
- 2 Heparan sulphate proteoglycan in scleromyxedema promotes FGF‐2 activity. Pathol Res Pract 2002;198:701–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 3 Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome with an infiltration of factor XIIIa+ and hyaluronan synthase 2+ dermal dendrocytes. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:141–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 4 Identification and molecular analysis of glycosaminoglycans in cutaneous lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis. J Histochem Cytochem 2011;59:336–45. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 5 Deposition disorders. In: Barnhill R, Crowson N, Magro C, Piepkorn M, eds. Dermatopathology, 3rd edn. New York, McGraw, 2010. , .
- 6 Increased HAS2‐driven hyaluronic acid synthesis in Shar‐Pei dogs with hereditary cutaneous hyaluronosis (mucinosis). Vet Dermatol 2011;22:535–45. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Primary mucinoses
Dermal mucinoses
Lichen myxoedematosus (papular mucinosis)
- 7 Lichen myxedematosus (papular mucinosis): new concepts and perspectives for an old disease. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2006;25:100–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 8 Scleromyxedema: a multicenter study of characteristics, comorbidities, course, and therapy in 30 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:66. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 9 Scleromyxedema. Clin Dermatol 2006;24:493–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 10 Lichen myxedematosus serum stimulates human skin fibroblast proliferation. Science 1978;199:545–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 11 Scleromyxedema serum increases proliferation but not the glycosaminoglycan synthesis of dermal fibroblasts. J Rheumatol 1989;16:837–41. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 12 Lichen myxedematosus (scleromyxedema) serum stimulates hyaluronic acid and prostaglandin E production by human fibroblasts. J Rheumatol 1985;12:171–5. Pubmed link , , , .
- 13 Granulomatous reaction after intradermal injections of hyaluronic acid gel. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:815–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 14 Cutaneous mucinoses: microscopic criteria for diagnosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2001;23:257–67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 15 Scleromyxedema with an interstitial granulomatous‐like pattern: a rare histologic variant mimicking granuloma annulare. J Cutan Pathol 2010;37:1084–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 16 Specific lymph node involvement in scleromyxedema: a new diagnostic entity for hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy. Virchows Arch 2013;462:679–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 17 Scleroderma mimics. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2012;14:39. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 18 Scleromyxedema: a cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome associated with thymic carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:e27–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 19 Scleromyxedema. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:37–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 20 Coma associated with scleromyxoedema and interferon alfa therapy. Full recovery after steroids and cyclophosphamide combined with plasmapheresis. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:1283–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 21 Scleromyxedema and the dermato–neuro syndrome: case report and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2012;39:508–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 22 Scleromyxedema revisited. Int J Dermatol 2003;42:31–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 23 Cardiomyopathy in scleromyxedema: report of a fatal case. Eur J Dermatol 2010;20:852–3. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 24 [Clinical characteristics, outcome of scleromyxoedema: a retrospective multicentre study.] Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010;137:782–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 25 Scleroderma renal crisis‐like acute renal failure associated with mucopolysaccharide accumulation in renal vessels in a patient with scleromyxedema. J Clin Rheumatol 2011;17:318–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 26 Lichen myxedematosus with systemic involvement: clinical and autopsy findings. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:606–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 27 Scleromyxedema: a case series highlighting long‐term outcomes of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Medicine (Baltimore) 2008;87:10–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 28 Treatment of scleromyxedema and dermatoneuro syndrome with intravenous immunoglobulin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:1037–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 29 Scleromyxoedema: clinical follow‐up after successful treatment with high‐dose immunoglobulins reveals different long‐term outcomes. Acta Derm Venereol 2012;92:408–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 30 Treatment of recalcitrant scleromyxedema with thalidomide in 3 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:126–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 31 Intravenous gammaglobulin and thalidomide may be an effective therapeutic combination in refractory scleromyxedema: case report and discussion of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008;38:188–94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 32 A complete and durable clinical response to high‐dose dexamethasone in a patient with scleromyxedema. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:S120–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 33 Scleromyxedema: An experience using treatment with systemic corticosteroid and review of the published work. J Dermatol 2006;33:207–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 34 Combination of intravenous immunoglobulins and lenalidomide in the treatment of scleromyxedema. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:319–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 35 Thalidomide and dexamethasone followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for scleromyxoedema. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011;50:1925–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 36 The combination of bortezomib and dexamethasone is an efficient therapy for relapsed/refractory scleromyxedema: a rare disease with new clinical insights. Eur J Haematol 2012;88:450–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 37 Scleromyxedema and dermato–neuro syndrome in a patient with multiple myeloma effectively treated with dexamethasone and bortezomib. Am J Hematol 2011;86:893–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 38 Acral persistent papular mucinosis: a new entity. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:1237–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 39 Multiple painless papules on the wrists. Diagnosis: acral persistent papular mucinosis (APPM). Arch Dermatol 2007;143:791–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 40 Discrete papular lichen myxoedematosus: a rare subtype of cutaneous mucinosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009;34:e608–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 41 Cutaneous mucinosis of infancy: is it a real entity or the paediatric form of lichen myxoedematosus (papular mucinosis)? Br J Dermatol 2001;144(3):590–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 42 Nodular‐type lichen myxedematosus: a case report. Case Rep Dermatol 2010;17;2:195–200. Cross Ref link , , , .
- 43 Familial occurrence of axillary papular mucinosis. Eur J Dermatol 2005;15:70–2. Pubmed link , , .
- 44 Localized cutaneous mucinosis after joint replacement. Arch Dermatol 2008;144:1399–400. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 45 Plaque‐like cutaneous mucinosis after joint replacement. J Cutan Pathol 2012;39:562–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 46 Treatment of localized lichen myxedematosus of discrete type with tacrolimus ointment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:530–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 47 Treatment of acral persistent papular mucinosis with electrocoagulation. J Cutan Med Surg 2011;15:227–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
Reticular erythematous mucinosis
- 48 Reticular erythematous mucinosis: a review of patients characteristics, associated conditions, therapy and outcome in 25 cases. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:1207–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 49 Reticular erythematous mucinosis – a review. Int J Dermatol 2012;51:903–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 50 Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome: glycosaminoglycan synthesis by fibroblasts and abnormal response to interleukin‐1 beta. Dermatology1996;192:41–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 51 Reticular erythematous mucinosis occurring in a brother and sister. Dermatology 2006;212:385–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 52 Cutaneous mucinoses: microscopic criteria for diagnosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2001;23:257–67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 53 Lupus erythematosus tumidus: clinical, histopathological and serological aspects and therapy response of 21 patients. Eur J Dermatol 2010;20:797–801. Pubmed link , , , , .
- 54 Clinical features and efficacy of antimalarial treatment for reticular erythematous mucinosis: a case series of 11 patients. Arch Dermatol 2011;147:710–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 55 A case of reticular erythematous mucinosis treated with topical tacrolimus. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:173–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 56 Pimecrolimus 1 percent cream and pulsed dye laser in treatment of a patient with reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome. Dermatol Online J 2007;1;13:22. , , , .
- 57 Reticular Erythematous Mucinosis in an atypical pattern distribution responds to UVA1 phototherapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013;28:672–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 58 Favorable response of reticular erythematous mucinosis to ultraviolet B irradiation using a 308‐nm excimer lamp. J Dermatol 2010;37:163–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Scleredema
- 59 Scleroedema: a review of 33 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;11:128–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 60 Scleredema adultorum of Buschke: a case report and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2006;35:355–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 61 Scleredema adultorum associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a report of three cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007;21:560–1. Pubmed link , .
- 62 Cutaneous mucinoses and HIV infection. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:1077–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 63 Scleredema of Buschke following Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection. Int J Dermatol 2011;50:454–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 64 Two cases of scleredema with pituitary–adrenocortical neoplasms: an underrecognized skin complication. J Dermatol 2012;39:193–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 65 Cutaneous mucinoses: microscopic criteria for diagnosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2001;23:257–67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 66 Scleredema adultorum of Buschke presenting as periorbital edema: a diagnostic challenge. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;65(2 Suppl. 1):41–4. , , , et al.
- 67 Scleredema diabeticorum with unusual presentation and fatal outcome. Indian J Dermatol 2008;53:217–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 68 Case of diabetic scleredema: diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging. J Dermatol 2011;38:693–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 69 Scleredema adultorum treated with narrow‐band ultraviolet B phototherapy. J Dermatol 2007;34:270–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 70 Scleredema treated with broad‐band ultraviolet A phototherapy plus colchicine. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2010;26:257–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 71 Complete remission of multiple myeloma associated scleredema after bortezomib‐based treatment. Leuk Lymphoma 2013;54:1324–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 72 Treatment of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis with allopurinol incidentally improves scleredema diabeticorum. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:e115–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 73 Scleredema associated with paraproteinaemia treated by extracorporeal photopheresis. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:781–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 74 Scleredema adultorum of Buschke treated with radiation. Arch Dematol 2003;139:780–4. Cross Ref link , , .
- 75 Successful treatment of poststreptococcal scleredema adultorum Buschke with intravenous immunoglobulins. Arch Dermatol 2012;148:1126–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Localized (pretibial) myxoedema
- 76 Cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease. Clin Dermatol 2008;26:283. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 77 Thyroid dermopathy and acropachy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;26:553. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 78 Autoimmune thyroid diseases: etiology, pathogenesis, and dermatologic manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48:641. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 79 Immunoglobulins from patients with Graves' disease induce hyaluronan synthesis in their orbital fibroblasts through the self‐antigen, insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5076. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 80 The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease: implications for immunotherapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2011;22:385–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 81 Elephantiasic pretibial myxedema: insight into and a hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of the extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease. Thyroid 2000;10:685. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 82 Preradial myxedema in a euthyroid male: A distinct rarity. Dermatol Online J 2013 15;19:9 , , , .
- 83 Obesity‐associated lymphoedematous mucinosis. J Cutan Pathol 2009;36:1089–94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 84 Successful combined pentoxifylline and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide treatment of severe pretibial myxedema. Dermatol Online J 2007;13:16. Pubmed link , , , .
- 85 Treatment of pretibial myxedema (PTM) with topical steroid ointment application with sealing cover (steroid occlusive dressing technique: steroid ODT) in Graves' patients. Intern Med 2010;49:665. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 86 Treatment‐resistant elephantiasic thyroid dermopathy responding to rituximab and plasmapheresis. Australas J Dermatol 2012;53:e1–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 87 Successful combined surgical and octreotide treatment of severe pretibial myxoedema reviewed after 9 years. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:825–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 88 Elephantiasic pretibial myxoedema with upper‐limb involvement, treated with low‐dose intravenous immunoglobulins. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012;37:307–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 89 Dermopathy of Graves’ disease (pretibial myxedema): long‐term outcome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:438. Pubmed link , , , .
Papular and nodular mucinosis in connective tissue diseases
- 90 Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Skin Diseases in Endocrine, Metabolic, Nutritional and Deposition Disease. New York: Springer, 2010:146–7. Cross Ref link , , eds.
- 91 Atypical presentation of cutaneous lupus mucinosis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2013;6:37–40. Pubmed link , , .
- 92 Periorbital mucinosis: a variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus? J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:667–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 93 Dermatomyositis and mucinosis. Int J Dermatol 2001;40:120–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 94 Van Papular and nodular mucinosis as a presenting sign of progressive systemic sclerosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:304–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 95 Cutaneous lupus mucinosis successfully treated with systemic corticosteroid and systemic tacrolimus combination therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:e200–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Self‐healing cutaneous mucinosis
- 96 Self‐healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:S97–100. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 97 Nodular lesions of self‐healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis: a pitfall! Am J Dermatopathol 2012;34:699–705. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 98 Self healing papular mucinosis in an adult. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:121–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Cutaneous focal mucinosis
- 99 Trauma‐induced cutaneous focal mucinosis of the mammary areola: an unusual presentation. Dermatopathology (Karger) 2014;1:24–8. Cross Ref link , , , , .
- 100 Cutaneous focal mucinosis: a case report. Ped Dermatol 2002;19:33–5. Cross Ref link , .
- 101 Plaque‐type cutaneous focal mucinosis. Int J Dermatol 2011;50:896–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 102 [Multiple lesions of focal cutaneous mucinosis: a side‐effect of anti‐TNF alpha therapy?] Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010;137:140–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 103 Digital superficial angiomyxoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007;32:536–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 104 Cutaneous focal mucinosis associated with reticular erythematous mucinosis and scleromyxedema. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:656–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Digital myxoid (mucous) cyst
- 105 Digital mucous cysts. Cutan Med Surg 2010;14:199–206. Cross Ref link , .
- 106 Multiple cutaneous myxoid cysts with transepidermal elimination. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:988–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 107 Nail changes and association of osteoarthritis in digital myxoid cyst. Dermatol Surg 2008;34:364–9. Pubmed link , , .
- 108 MR imaging in the evaluation of cystic‐appearing soft‐tissue masses of the extremities. Radiographics 2013;33:833–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 109 Treatment of digital myxoid cysts with infrared coagulation: a retrospective case series. Br J Dermatol 2005;153:972. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Follicular mucinoses
- 110 Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Skin Diseases in Endocrine, Metabolic, Nutritional and Deposition Disease. New York: Springer, 2010. Cross Ref link , .
- 111 Follicular mucinosis associated with nonlymphoid skin conditions. Am J Dermatopathol 2013 (epub ahead of print). , , , .
- 112 Familial follicular mucinosis: a case letter. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:e291–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 113 Pediatric follicular mucinosis: presentation, histopathology, molecular genetics, treatment, and outcomes over an 11‐year period at the Mayo Clinic. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:192–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 114 Follicular mucinosis: a clinicopathologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical and molecular study comparing the primary benign form and the mycosis fungoides‐associated follicular mucinosis. J Cutan Pathol 2010;37:15–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 115 Acneiform follicular mucinosis of the head and neck region. Eur J Dermatol 2003;13:199–202. Pubmed link , , , .
- 116 Treatment of so‐called idiopathic follicular mucinosis with hydroxychloroquine. Br J Dermatol 2010;163:420–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 117 Follicular mucinosis: clinical, histologic, and molecular remission with minocycline. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:139–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 118 A case of idiopathic follicular mucinosis treated with bexarotene gel. Int J Dermatol 2014;53:838–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 119 Urticaria‐like follicular mucinosis: four new cases of a controversial entity. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013;27:e435–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
Secondary mucinoses
- 120 Cutaneous mucinoses: microscopic criteria for diagnosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2001;23:257–67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .