Part 7, Reference for Chapter 86: Psychodermatology and Psychocutaneous Disease
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Introduction
Psychodermatology multidisciplinary teams
- 1 All Party Parliamentary Group on Skin (APPGS). The Psychological and Social Impact of Skin Disease on People's Lives. London: APPGS, 2013. www.appgs.co.uk/publications (last accessed August 2015).
- 2 Psychodermatology services guidance: the report of the British Association of Dermatologists' Psychodermatology Working Party. Br J Dermatol 2013;168(6):1149–503. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
Classification
- 3 Diagnostics in psychodermatology. Dermatol Psychosom 2001;2:110–15. Cross Ref link , , .
- 4 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2014. www.dsm5.org (last accessed August 2015).
- 5 World Health Organization. The ICD‐10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.
- 6 World Health Organization. The International Classification of Diseases 11th revision is due by 2017. http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/revision/en/ (last accessed August 2015).
Psychological co‐morbidities of chronic skin disease and the ‘golden rules of psychodermatology’
- 7 Anxiety level and severity of skin condition predicts outcome of psychotherapy in atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2001;40:632–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 8 Diminished neural and cognitive responses to facial expressions of disgust in patients with psorisis: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129(11):2613–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 9 Stress, social support, emotional regulation, and exacerbation of diffuse plaque psoriasis. Psychosomatics 2005;46:556–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , et al.
- 10 Can stress reduction interventions improve psoriasis? A review. Psychol Health Med 2013;18(5):501–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 11 Psychological distress impairs clearance of psoriasis in patients treated with photochemotherapy. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:752–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 12 Stress, psychiatric co‐morbidity and coping in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Psychol Health 2010;25(4):477–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 13 Psychological impact of hair loss. In: , , , , eds. Practical Psychodermatology. Oxford: Wiley, 2014:81–9. , .
Stigmatization, visible differences and coping strategies
- 14 Stigmatisation and skin conditions. In: , , eds. Psychodermatology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005:44–52. .
- 15 Stigma in psychiatry. J R Soc Med 2002;95:72–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 16 Effect of social exclusion on cognitive processes. J Social Clin Psychol 2002;8:17–27. , , .
- 17 The stigma scale of mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 2007;190:248–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Disability, quality of life and assessment in psychodermatology
- 18 The Dermatology Life Quality Index 1994–2007: a comprehensive review of validation data and clinical results. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:997–1035. Pubmed link , , , , .
- 19 Responsiveness to change and interpretability of the simplified psoriasis index. J Invest Dermatol 2014;134(2):351–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 20 Measuring Disease. A Review of Disease Specific Quality of Life Scales. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2001.
- 21 Appendix. Screening questionnaires and scales. In: , , , , eds. Practical Psychodermatology. Oxford: Wiley, 2014:238–67. Cross Ref link
Delusional beliefs
- 22 Delusional infestation. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009;22(4):690–732. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Delusional infestation
- 23 Delusional parasitosis: time to change the name of the condition to delusional infection. Br J Dermatol 2010;163(1):1–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 24 Delusional infestation. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009;22(4):690–732. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 25 , , , , , . Sensations of skin infestation linked to abnormal cortical and midbrain reactivity and differences in self‐representation in patients with delusional infestation (in press).
- 26 Delusional infestation and the specimen sign: a European multicentre study in 148 consecutive cases. Br J Dermatol 2012;167(2):247–251 Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 27 Second‐generation antipsychotics in primary and secondary delusional parasitosis: outcome and efficacy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28(5):500–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 28 Delusional infestation and patient adherence to treatment: an observational study. Br J Dermatol 2013;169(3):607–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 29 Patients with delusional infestation (delusional parasitosis) often require prolonged treatment as recurrence of symptoms after cessation of treatment is common: an observational study. Br J Dermatol 2011;165(4):893–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 30 Delusional parasitosis. In: , , eds. Psychocutaneous Medicine. Basel: Decker, 2003:143–52. .
- 31 Delusional infestation. In: , , , , eds. Practical Psychodermatology. Oxford: Wiley, 2014:117–26. , , .
- 32 Delusions of parasitosis. A dermatologist's guide to treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001;2:285–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Olfactory delusions
- 33 An olfactory reference syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1971;47(4):484–509. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 34 Chronic olfactory paranoid syndromes. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1966;42:183–212. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 35 Body odour in dermatological diagnosis. Cutis 1999;63:107–11. Pubmed link , .
- 36 Frontotemporal hypoperfusion in a patient with olfactory reference syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2006;28:174–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 37 Olfactory reference syndrome: issues for DSM‐V. Depress Anxiety 2010;27(6):592–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 38 Olfaction and the Brain. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006:267–70. Cross Ref link , , .
- 39 Distortion of olfactory perception: diagnosis and treatment. Chem Senses 2002;27(7):611–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 40 Olfactory reference syndrome: diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis. J Postgrad Med 2003;49:328–31. Pubmed link , .
- 41 Olfactory reference syndrome: demographic and clinical features of imagined body odor. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2011;33(4):398–406. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Morgellons syndrome
- 42 Sir Thomas Browne and the disease called Morgellons. Ann Hist Med 1935;7:467–79. .
- 43 Morgellons disease: a rapport enhancing term for delusions of parasitosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:913–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 44 Morgellons disease: real or delusion. New Scientist 2007;195:45–9. Cross Ref link .
- 45 The challenge of Morgellon's disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:920–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 46 Clinical, epidemiologic, histopathologic and molecular features of an unexplained dermopathy. PLOS One 2012;7(1):e29908. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Obsessive and compulsive behaviour
- 47 Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Treatment Manual. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Cross Ref link , .
- 48 Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder: recommendations for DSM‐5. CNS Spectr 2014;19(1):10–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Body dysmorphic disorder
- 49 Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Treatment Manual. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Cross Ref link , .
- 50 Body dysmorphic disorder. BMJ 2015;350:h2278. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 51 The dysmorphic syndrome. Fitzpatrick J Clin Dermatol 1994:Mar/Apr:14–19. .
- 52 National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Core Interventions in the Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder 2005. Clinical Guideline No. 31. London: NICE.
- 53 Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder: recommendations for DSM‐5. CNS Spectr 2014;19(1):10–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 54 A 4‐year prospective observational follow‐up study of course and predictors of course in body dysmorphic disorder. Psychol Med 2013;43(5):1109–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 55 Holistic versus detailed visual processing in body dysmorphic disorder: testing the inversion, composite and global precedence effects. Psychiatry Res 2013;210(3):994–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 56 A randomized placebo‐controlled trial of fluoxetine in body dysmorphic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:381–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 57 Pharmacologic treatment of body dysmorphic disorder: a review of the evidence and a recommended treatment approach. CNS Spectr 2002;7:453–60. Pubmed link .
- 58 BDD: a CBT model and pilot RCT. Beh Res Ther 1996;34:17–29. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 59 Cognitive behavioural body image therapy for BDD. J Consult Clin Psychol 1995;63:263–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 60 Development of a cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire (COPS) for body dysmorphic disorder. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65(4):530–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 61 A screening questionnaire for body dysmorphic disorder in a cosmetic dermatologic surgery practice. Dermatol Surg 2001;27:457–62. Pubmed link , , , .
- 62 Gender‐related differences in body dysmorphic disorder (dysmorphophobia). J Nerv Mental Dis 1997;185:578–82. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
Lichen simplex chronicus and nodular prurigo
- 63 Personality factors in neurodermatitis. Psychosom Med 1950;12:386–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 64 Vulval dermatoses. In: , ed. Differential Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynaecology; an A to Z, 2nd edn. London: Hodder Arnold, 2008. , .
- 65 Increased risk of lichen simplex chronicus in people with anxiety disorder: a nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2014;170(4):890–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 66 Nonpharmacologic treatment in psychodermatology. Dermatol Clin 2002;20:177–85. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 67 Effectiveness of nursing programme coping with itch. Br J Dermatol 2007;156:1235–44. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 68 Behavioural treatment of scratching in patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1986;115:467–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 69 A meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of psychological interventions for adults with skin conditions. Br J Dermatol 2012;167(5):970–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Skin picking disorder
- 70 Phenomenological characteristics, social problems, and economic impact of chronic skin picking. Behav Modif 2006;30:944–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 71 Pathologic hair‐pulling, skin picking and nail biting. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2005;17:227–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 72 Childhood‐onset pathological skin picking: clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity. Compr Psychiatry 2007;48:388–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 73 Self‐injurious skin picking: clinical characteristics and comorbidity. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:654–9. Cross Ref link , , .
- 74 The relationship of psychogenic excoriation to psychiatric disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2003;44:256–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 75 Cognitive behaviour therapy for self‐injurious skin picking. Behav Modif 2002;26:361–77. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 76 Nonpharmacologic treatment in psychodermatology. Dermatol Clin 2002;20:177–85. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 77 DSM‐5 field survey: skin picking disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2012;24(4):300–4. Pubmed link , , , .
- 78 Skin picking disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2012;169(11):1143–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 79 An open‐label trial of topiramate in the treatment of skin picking in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2010;12(2):104–6. , , .
Acne excoriée
- 80 Notes pour servir a' l'histoire des neurodermites. Arch Derm Syph 1891;97:193–5. , .
- 81 Acne excoriée; a protective device. Clin Exp Dermatol 1983;8:65–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 82 Excoriated acne of young females. Arch Dermatol Syphiligr 1954;70:574–82. .
- 83 Self‐inflicted lesions in dermatology: terminology and classification – a position paper from the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP). Acta Derm Venereol 2013;93(1):4–1. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 84 Acne excoriée: a case report using habit reversal. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989;14:163–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 85 Treatment of facial scarring from acne excoriée with pulse dye laser and cognitive psychotherapy. Dermatol Therapy 2004;30:934–8. , .
- 86 Emotional regulation, dissociation, and the self‐induced dermatoses: clinical features and implications for treatment with mood stabilizers. Clin Dermatol 2013;31(1):110–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 87 Use of hypnosis in acne excoriée. Am J Clin Hypnosis 2004;46:439–45. .
Trichotillomania/trichotillosis
- 88 Trichotillomania. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:807–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 89 Diagnosis and management of trichotillomania in children and adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 2005;7:365–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 90 Pediatric trichotillomania. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2012;14(3):188–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 91 Obsessive‐compulsive disorder and trichotillomania. Psychiatry 2005;5:2–16. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 92 Rapunzel syndrome reviewed and redefined. Dig Surg 2007;24:157–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 93 Can the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale be used to assess trichotillomania? Behav Res Ther 1993;31:171–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 94 Habit reversal training in trichotillomania: guide for the clinician. Expert Rev Neurother 2013;13(9):1069–77. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 95 Systematic review: pharmacological and behavioural treatment for trichotillomania. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62:839–46. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 96 Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;Issue 11: CD007662. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 97 Emotional regulation, dissociation, and the self‐induced dermatoses: clinical features and implications for treatment with mood stabilizers. Clin Dermatol 2013;31(1):110–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
Onychotillomania and onychophagia
- 98 Onychophagia and onychotillomania: prevalence, clinical picture and comorbidities. Acta Derm Venereol 2014;94(1):67–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 99 Nail biting and picking as a cause of longitudinal melanonychia. Dermatologica 1990;181:126–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 100 Evaluating the efficacy of habit reversal in chronic nail biting. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:40–8. Cross Ref link , .
Health anxieties
- 101 Obsessive–compulsive disorder in a dermatology outpatient clinic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2005;27:426–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 102 Psychodermato‐oncology: psychological reactions to skin cancer. In: , , , , eds. Practical Psychodermatology. London: Wiley, 2014:206–15. Cross Ref link , .
- 103 The role of cancer worry in cancer screening: a theoretical and empirical review of the literature. Psycho‐oncology 2004;14:517–34. , , .
- 104 Topical steroid phobia in dermatology outpatients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:105. Cross Ref link , , .
- 105 Obsessive‐compulsive disorder in dermatology. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2013;32(2):83–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
Eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia
- 106 Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006;19:389–94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 107 Epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa in the community. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:1259–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 108 Dermatologic signs in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Arch Derm 1987;123:1386–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 109 The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1283–93. Cross Ref link .
- 110 Self‐injurious behaviours in eating disordered patients. Eating Behav 2001;2:263–72. Cross Ref link , , .
- 111 Suicide in anorexia nervosa: a meta‐analysis. Int J Eating Disorders 2003;36:99–103. Cross Ref link , .
- 112 Dissatisfaction with skin appearance amongst patients with eating disorders. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:110–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 113 The SCOFF questionnaire and clinical interview for eating disorders in general practice. BMJ 2002;325:755–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Psychogenic itch
Psychogenic pruritus
- 114 Psychosomatic cofactors and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with chronic itch. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006;31:762–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 115 Clinical classification of itch. Acta Derm Venereol 2007;87:291–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 116 Functional itch disorder or psychogenic pruritus: suggested diagnostic criteria. Acta Derm Venereol 2007;87:341–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 117 Prevalence and predictors of psychosocial morbidity in patients with chronic pruritic skin diseases. J Eur Acad Dermatol 2006;20:810–17. , , .
- 118 Psychosomatic aspects of pruritus. Dermatol Psychosomat 2002;3:6–13. Cross Ref link , .
- 119 The use of antidepressant drugs in dermatology. J Eur Acad Dermatol 2001;15:512–18. Cross Ref link , .
- 120 Non‐pharmacologic treatments in psychodermatology. Dermatol Clin 2002;20:177–85. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 121 Pathogenesis and treatment of pruritus. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2010;10(4):236–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 122 Psychiatric medications for the treatment of pruritus. Psychosom Med 2007;69(9):970–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 123 Psychogenic itch responding to topiramate. Psychosomatics 2013;54(3):297–300. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
Factitious skin disease
Dermatitis artefacta
- 124 Factitious skin disorder (dermatitis artefacta). In: , , , , eds. Practical Psychodermatology. London: Wiley, 2014:142–50. Cross Ref link , .
- 125 Dermatitis artefacta in paediatric patients. Paediatr Dermatol 2004;21:205–1. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 126 Malingering and Illness Deception. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. , , , eds.
- 127 Dermatitis artefacta: clinical features and approaches to treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2000;1:47–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 128 Dermatitis artefacta: a retrospective study of 31 patients. Ann Dermatol Vénéréol 2006;133:235–8. , , , et al.
- 129 Dermatitis artefacta in a vulnerable adult with a dissociative state. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013;38(8):921–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 130 Factitious disease presenting as non‐healing wounds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005;19:70. , , , .
- 131 Contact urticaria artefacta (witchcraft syndrome). Contact Dermatitis 1982;8:145–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 132 Witchcraft syndrome. Int J Dermatol 1998;37:229–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 133 Dermatitis artefacta with artefact of patch tests. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12:204–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 134 Scarification artifacts in the test reaction in an expert opinion of occupational dermatosis. Hautarzt 1976;27:349–51. Pubmed link , .
- 135 Dermatitis artefacta and artefactual skin disease: the need for a psychodermatology multi‐disciplinary team to treat a difficult condition. Br J Dermatol 2013;169(3):600–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 136 Assessment of malingering and defensiveness. In: , ed. Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception. New York: Guilford Press, 1997:169–207. .
- 137 The ABC of Psychological Medicine. London: BMJ, 2002:325–7. , , eds.
Malingering
- 138 Malingering. In: , ed. Richard Asher Talking Sense. Bath: Pitman Press, 1972:145–5. .
- 139 Factitious disorders and malingering. In: , , eds. Contemporary Approaches to Hysteria. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001:127–42. .
- 140 Malingering and criminal behaviour as psychopathology. In: , , , eds. Malingering and Illness Deception. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003:93–107. .
- 141 Psychiatric and medical syndromes associated with deception. In: , ed. Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception. New York: Guilford Press, 1997:33–46. .
- 142 War based hysteria: the military perspective. In: , , eds. Contemporary Approaches to Hysteria. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001:12–35. .
- 143 When Munchausen becomes malingering. Factitious disorders that penetrate the legal system. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1996;24:471–81. Pubmed link .
- 144 Disorders of Simulation. Madison: Psychosocial Press, 2001:195–221.
Pseudologia fantastica and Münchausen syndrome
- 145 Munchausen's syndrome. Lancet 1951;1:339–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 146 Polysurgery and polysurgical addiction. Psychoanal Q 1934;4:173–99. .
- 147 Pseudologica fantastica and factitious disorder. Review of the literature. Compr Psychiatry 1999;40:89–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 148 Munchausen by internet. Detecting factitious illness and crisis on the Internet. South Med J 2000;93:669–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
Fabricated and induced illness
- 149 Munchausen syndrome by proxy. The hinterland of child abuse. Lancet 1977;2:343–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 150 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2014. www.dsm5.org (last accessed August 2015).
- 151 Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1998:47–67. , , eds.
- 152 Hurting for Love. Munchausen by Proxy. New York: Guilford Press, 1993. , .
- 153 Who's to blame – mothers, Munchausen or medicine? J R Coll Phys Lond 1994;28:332–7. .
- 154 Munchausen by proxy in an international context. Child Abuse Neglect 2002;26:509–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 155 Beyond collusion. Active illness falsification. Child Abuse Neglect 2002;26:525–36. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 156 Child abuse and paediatrics. J R Soc Med 2005;96:229–31. Cross Ref link .
- 157 Update on Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Curr Opin Paediatr 2005;17:252–7. Cross Ref link , , .
- 158 Munchausen syndrome by adult proxy. J Nerv Mental Dis 1986;186:696–8. Cross Ref link , , .
Medicolegal issues in suspected factitious skin diseases
- 159 Medico‐legal and occupational perspectives. In: , , , eds. Malingering and Illness Deception. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003:209–54. .
Deliberate self‐harm
- 160 The coming of age of self‐mutilation. J Nervous Mental Dis 1998;18:259–68. Cross Ref link .
- 161 Self‐injurious behaviour: a review of the behaviour and biology of self‐mutilation. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:306–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 162 Psychopathological and nosological characteristics in subtypes of self‐injurers. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995;91:57–68. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 163 The problem of deliberate self‐harm. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2001;14:107–11. Cross Ref link , , .
- 164 Psycho‐social intervention following attempted suicide: is there a case for better services? Int Rev Psychiatry 1992;4:15–22. Cross Ref link , , .
- 165 Autodestructive syndromes. Psychother Psychosom 2005;74:202–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 166 Genetic, developmental and personality correlates of self‐mutilation in depressed patients. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 2006;4:225–9. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 167 Self‐mutilation in personality disorder: psychological and biological correlates. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:221–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 168 Understanding those who self‐mutilate. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2004;42:32–40. Pubmed link .
- 169 Management of patients who deliberately harm themselves. BMJ 2001;322:213–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Other psychodermatology and psychocutaneous diseases
Cutaneous disease and alcohol misuse
- 170 Cutaneous manifestations of alcohol abuse. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:1–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 171 Alcohol intake and other skin disorders. Clin Dermatol 1999;17:437–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 172 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2014. www.dsm5.org (last accessed August 2015).
- 173 Alcohol abuse and alcoholism: an overview. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl. 20):4–10. Pubmed link .
- 174 Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA 1984:252;1905–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 175 Cutaneous changes in chronic alcoholics. Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2004;70:79–84. .
- 176 Skin disease in alcoholics. Acta Dermatovenereol Croat 2004;12:181–90. , .
- 177 The role of coping strategies in mediating subjective disability in psoriasis. Psych Health Med 2002;7:261–9. Cross Ref link , .
- 178 Alcohol consumption and psychological distress in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2008;158:138–40. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 179 Alcohol intake and treatment responsiveness in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:730–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Depression in dermatological patients
- 180 Depression, chronic diseases and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet 2007;370:851–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 181 The risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in patients with psoriasis: a population‐based cohort study. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:891–5. Pubmed link , , , .
- 182 . Psychopathology in dermatological patients. Presented at the 11th International Congress Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP), Giessen, May 2005.
- 183 Depression in children and adolescents. In: , ed. Clinical Evidence, Issue 6. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 2002:278–84. .
- 184 Screening for depressive disorders in patients with skin diseases. Acta Derm Venereol 2005;65:414–19. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 185 The PHQ 9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001:16:606–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Suicide in dermatological patients
- 186 The epidemiology of suicide and parasuicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993;371;9–20. Cross Ref link .
- 187 Suicidal ideation among outpatients at general clinics. BMJ 2000;320:1311–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 188 Suicidal ideation in psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 1993;33:188–90. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 189 Depression and suicidal ideation in dermatology patients with acne, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:846–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 190 Suicidal ideation in Darier's disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:196–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 191 Suicide in dermatological patients. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:246–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 192 Thirty three cases of BDD in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;38:453–9. Cross Ref link , .
- 193 The psychological and emotional impact of acne and the effect of treatment with isotretinoin. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:273–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Isotretinoin and mood changes
- 194 Association of suicide attempts with acne and treatment with isotretinoin: retrospective Swedish cohort study. BMJ 2010;341:c5812. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 195 Depression and suicidal behaviour in acne patients treated with isotretinoin: a systematic revue. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2005;24:92–102. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 196 Isotretinoin use and subsequent depression and suicide; presenting the evidence. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003;4:493–505. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 197 Isotretinoin and depression. Acta Dermo Sifilog 2003;94:535–8. Cross Ref link , .
- 198 Prevalence and incidence studies of mood disorders: a systematic review. Can J Psychiatry 2004;49:124–38. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 199 Isotretinoin use and risk of depression, psychotic symptoms, suicide and attempted suicide. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:1231–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Psychiatric treatments
- 200 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Depression in Adults. NICE Guideline CG90, 2009. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed August 2015).
- 201 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Depression in Children and Young People. NICE Guideline CG98, 2005. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed August 2015).
- 202 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder (with or without Agoraphobia) in Adults. NICE Guideline CG113, 2014. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed August 2015).
- 203 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Core Interventions in the Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder. NICE Guideline CG31, 2005. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed August 2015).
- 204 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). NICE Guideline,CG26: 2005. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed August 2015).
- 205 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Social Anxiety Disorder: Recognition, Assessment and Treatment. NICE Guideline CG159, 2013. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed August 2015).
- 206 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Bipolar Disorder. The Assessment and Management of Bipolar Disorder in Adults, Children and Young People, in Primary and Secondary Care. NICE Guideline CG185, 2014. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed August 2015).
- 207 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Depression in Adults with a Chronic Physical Health Problem: Treatment and Management. NICE Guideline CG91, 2009. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed August 2015).
- 208 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Common Mental Health Disorders on Primary Care. NICE Pathway, December 2013. http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/common‐mental‐health‐disorders‐in‐primary‐care (last accessed August 2015).
- 209 Practical Psychodermatology. London: Wiley Blackwell, 2014. Cross Ref link , , , , eds.
- 210 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of suicide: a systematic review of observational studies. Can Med Assoc J 2009:180(3);291–7. Cross Ref link , , .
- 211 The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines, 12th edn. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2015. , , .
- 212 Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement‐based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:28–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 213 Treatments for delusional disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009785. , , .
- 214 Second‐generation antipsychotics in primary and secondary delusional parasitosis: outcome and efficacy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28(5):500–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 215 Recent advances in the treatment of delusional disorder. Can J Psychiatry 2006;51(2):114–19. Pubmed link , .
- 216 Management of functional somatic syndromes. Lancet 2007;369:944–56. Cross Ref link , , .
- 217 Psychosocial interventions for conversion disorder [Review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;Issue 4:CD005331. , .
- 218 On Becoming a Person. London: Houghton Mifflin, 1961.
- 219 Body dysmorphic disorder: a cognitive behavioural model and pilot randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Therapy 1996;34:717–29. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 220 Overcoming Depression and Low Mood: A Five Areas Approach, 3rd edn. London: Hodder Arnold, 2012.
- 221 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Computerised Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Depression and Anxiety. Review of Technology Appraisal 51. London: NICE, 2006.
- 222 Interpersonal Psychotherapy of Depression: A Brief, Focused, Specific Strategy. New York: Jason Aronson, 1994. , , .
- 223 Introduction to Psychotherapy: An Outline of Psychodynamic Principles and Practice. London: Routledge, 2000. , , .
- 224 Short‐term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders [Review]. Cochrane Datbase Syst Rev 2007;Issue 4:CD004687. , , , .
- 225 Psychodynamic psychotherapies: evidence‐based practice and clinical wisdom. Bull Menninger Clin 2005;69:1–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 226 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Depression. Management of Depression in Primary and Secondary Care, London: NICE, 2004.
- 227 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Depression in Children and Young People. Identification and Management in Primary, Community and Secondary Care, London: NICE, 2005.
- 228 Psychotropic Drug Directory. Salisbury: HealthComm UK, 2007.
- 229 The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines, 9th edn. London: Informa Healthcare, 2007. , , .
- 230 British National Formulary 54. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2007. , ed.
Alternative therapies
- 231 Complementary psychocutaneous therapies in dermatology. Dermatol Clin 2005;23:723–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 232 Non pharmacologic treatments in psychodermatology. In: , , eds. Psychocutaneous Medicine. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003:427–51. .
- 233 Hypnotherapy as a treatment for atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:778–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 234 Hypnosis facilitated relaxation during self‐guided imagery during dermatological procedures. Am J Clin Hypnosis 2003;45:225–32. Cross Ref link .
- 235 Hypnosis in the treatment of warts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;28:439–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 236 Complementary/alternative medicine in dermatology: evidence assessed efficacy. Am J Clin Derm 2002;3:341–8. Cross Ref link , .
- 237 Use of phytopharmaceutical agents in dermatology. Hautarzt 2005;56:483–99. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 238 Herbal therapy in dermatology. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:332–42. Cross Ref link , .