Rosacea

  • 1  Wilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, et al. Standard classification of rosacea: Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:584–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 2  Powell FC. Clinical practice: rosacea. N Engl J Med 2005;352:793–803. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 3  Tan J, Berg M. Rosacea: current state of epidemiology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69(6 Suppl. 1):S27–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 4  Abram K, Slim H, Oona M. Prevalence of rosacea in an Estonian working population using a standard classification. Acta Derm Venereol 2010;90:269–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 5  McAleer MA, Fitzpatrick P, Powell FC. Papulopustular rosacea: prevalence and relationship to photodamage. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:33–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 6  Gibson GE, Codd MB, Murphy GM. Skin distribution and skin disease in Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 1997;166:72–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 7  Lazaridou E, Fotiadou C, Ziakas NG, Giannopoulou C, Apalla Z, Ioannides D. Clinical and laboratory study of ocular rosacea in northern Greece. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011;25:1428–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 8  Spoendlin J, Voegel JJ, Jick SS, Meier CR. A study of the epidemiology of rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2012;167:598–605. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 9  Doe PT, Asiedu A, Acheampong JW, Rowland Payne CM. Skin diseases in Ghana and the UK. Int J Dermatol 2001;40:323–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 10  Weinstock LB, Steinhoff M. Rosacea and the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: prevalence and response to rifaxin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68:875–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 11  Bae YI, Yun SJ, Lee JB, Kim SJ, Won YH, Lee SC. Clinical evaluation of 168 Korean patients with rosacea: the sun exposure correlates with the erythematotelangiectatic subtype. Ann Dermatol 2009;21:243–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 12  Logan RA, Griffiths WAD. Climatic factors and rosacea. In: Marks R, Plewig G, eds. Acne and Related Disorders. London: Martin Dunitz, 1989:311–16.
  • 13  Yamasaki K, Gallo RL. Rosacea is a disease of cathelicidins and skin innate immunity. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2011;15:12–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 14  Forton FMN. Papulopustular rosacea, skin immunity and Demodex: pityriasis folliculorum as a missing link. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012;26:19–28. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 15  Grice EA, Segre JA. The skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011;9:244–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 16  Gold LS, Kircik L, Fowler J, et al. Efficacy and safety of ivermectin 1% cream in treatment of papulopustular rosacea: results of two randomized double‐blind vehicle controlled pivotal studies. J Drugs Dermatol 2014;13:316–23. Pubmed link
  • 17  Antille C, Saurat JH, Lubbe J. Induction of rosaceiform dermatitis during treatment of facial inflammatory dermatoses with tacrolimus ointment. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:457–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 18  Ni Raghallaigh S, Bender K, Brennan L, Powell FC. The fatty acid profile of the skin surface lipid layer in papulopustular rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2011;166:279–87. Cross Ref link
  • 19  Steinhoff M, Schauber J, Leyden JJ. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69(6 Suppl. 1):S15–26. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 20  Viera AC, Mannis MJ. Ocular rosacea: common and commonly missed. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69(6 Suppl. 1);S36–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 21  Abram K, Slim H, Maaroos HI, Oona M. Risk factors associated with rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010;24:565–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 22  Powell FC. The histopathology of rosacea: ‘where's the beef?’ Dermatology 2004;209:173–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 23  Cribier B. Rosacea under the microscope: characteristic histological findings. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013;27:1336–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 24  Sánchez JL, Berlingeri‐Ramos AC, Dueño DV. Granulomatous rosacea. Am J Dermatopathol 2008;30:6–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 25  el Darouti M, Zaher H. Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: pathologic study of early, fully developed, and late lesions. Int J Dermatol 1993;32:508–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 26  Holmes AD. Potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:1025–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 27  Bonner E, Eustace P, Powell FC. The Demodex mite population in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:443–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 28  Forton F, Seys B. Density of Demodex folliculorum in rosacea: a case control study using standardised skin surface biopsy. Br J Dermatol 1993;128:650–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 29  Zhao YE, Wu LP, Peng Y, Cheng H. Retrospective analysis of the association between Demodex infestation and rosacea. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:896–902. Pubmed link
  • 30  Lacey N, Ni Raghallaigh S, Powell FC. Demodex mites: commensals, parasites or mutualistic organisms? Dermatology 2011;222:128–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 31  Lacey N, Delaney K, Kavanagh K, Powell FC. Mite‐related antigens stimulate inflammatory cells in rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:474–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 32  Jarmuda S, McMahon F, Zaba R, et al. Correlation between serum reactivity to Demodex‐associated Bacillus oleronius proteins, and altered sebum levels and Demodex populations in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea patients. J Med Microbiol 2014;63:258–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 33  Chen W, Plewig G. Human demodicosis: revisit and a proposed classification. Br J Dermatol 2014;170:1219–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 34  Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Aubert J, et al. Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2011;15:2–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 35  Dessinioti C, Antoniou C, Katsambas A. Acneiform eruptions. Clin Dermatol 2014;32:24–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 36  Hua TC, Chung PI, Chen YJ, et al. Cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with rosacea: a nationwide case control study from Taiwan. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015;73:249–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 37  Lee GL, Zirwas MJ. Granulomatous rosacea and periorificial dermatitis: controversies and review of management and treatment. Dermatol Clin 2015;33:447–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 38  Del Rosso JQ. Management of facial erythema of rosacea: what is the role of topical alpha adrenergic receptor agonist therapy? J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69(6 Suppl. 1):S44–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 39  Van Zuuren EJ, Gupta AK, Grover MD, Graber MA, Hollis S. Systematic review of rosacea treatments. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:107–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Facial dermatoses with an uncertain nosological relationship to rosacea

  • 40  Léauté‐Labrèze C, Maleville J, Taïeb A. Dermatoses bactèriennes. In: Saurat JH, Grosshans E, Laugier P, Lachapelle JM, eds. Dermatologie et Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles, 3rd edn. Paris: Masson, 1999:114–21.
  • 41  Neri I, Raone B, Dondi A, Misciali C, Patrizi A. Should idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma be considered granulomatous rosacea? Report of three pediatric cases. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:109–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 42  González Rodríguez AJ, Jordá Cuevas E. Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015;40:298–300. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 43  Reinholz M, Tietze JK, Kilian K, et al. Rosacea: S1 Guideline. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2013;11:768–80. Pubmed link
  • 44  Jansen T, Plewig G, Kligman AM. Diagnosis and treatment of rosacea fulminans. Dermatology 1994;188:251–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 45  Ferahbas A, Utas S, Mistik S, Uksal U, Peker D. Rosacea fulminans in pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Am J Clin Dermatol 2006;7:141–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 46  Kim TG, Noh SM, Do JE, Lee MG, Oh SH. Rosacea fulminans with ocular involvement. Br J Dermatol 2010;163:877–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 47  Laugier P, Gilardi S. Chronic erythematous oedema of the upper face (Degos): Morbihan disease. Ann Dermatol Vénéréol 1981;108:507–13.
  • 48  Smith LA, Cohen DA. Successful long‐term use of oral isotretinoin for the management of Morbihan disease: a case series report and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol 2012;148:1395–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 49  Nagasaka T, Koyama T, Matsumura K, Chen KR. Persistent lymphoedema in Morbihan disease: formation of perilymphatic epithelioid cell granulomas as a possible pathogenesis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008;33:764–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 50  Ranu H, Lee J, Hee TH. Successful treatment of Morbihan's disease with oral prednisolone and doxycycline. Dermatol Ther 2010;23:682–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 51  Balakirski G, Baron JM, Megahed M. Morbihan disease as a special form of rosacea: review of pathogenesis and new therapeutic options. Hautarzt 2013;64:884–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 52  Leyden JJ, Thew AM, Kligman AM. Steroid rosacea. Arch Dermatol 1974;110:619–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 53  Ljubojevic S, Basta‐Juzbasic A, Lipozencic J. Steroid dermatitis resembling rosacea: aetiopathogenesis and treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002;16:121–6. Cross Ref link
  • 54  Rathi SK, Kumrah L. Topical corticosteroid‐induced rosacea‐like dermatitis: a clinical study of 110 cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011;77:42–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 55  Hameed AF. Steroid dermatitis resembling rosacea: a clinical evaluation of 75 patients. ISRN Dermatol 2013;Article ID 491376.
  • 56  Picardo M, Ottaviani M. Skin microbiome and skin disease: the example of rosacea. J Clin Gastroenterol 2014;48(Suppl. 1):S85–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 57  Weston WL, Morelli JG. Steroid rosacea in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:62–4. Pubmed link
  • 58  Egan CA, Rallis TM, Meadows KP, Krueger GG. Rosacea induced by beclomethasone dipropionate spray. Int J Dermatol 1999;38:133–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 59  Bernard LA, Cunningham BB, Al‐Suwaidan S, et al. A rosacea‐like granulomatous eruption in a patient using tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:229–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 60  Goldman D. Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of steroid‐induced rosacea: a preliminary report. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:995–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 61  Chu CY. The use of 1% pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of steroid‐induced rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:396–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 62  Lee DH, Li K, Suh DH. Pimecrolimus 1% cream for the treatment of steroid‐induced rosacea: an 8‐week split‐face clinical trial. Br J Dermatol 2008;158:1069–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 63  Sneddon I. Perioral dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1972;87:430–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 64  Dessinioti C, Antoniou C, Katsambas A. Acneiform eruptions. Clin Dermatol 2014;32:24–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 65  Lee GL, Zirwas MJ. Granulomatous rosacea and periorificial dermatitis: controversies and review of management and treatment. Dermatol Clin 2015;33:447–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 66  Marks R, Black MM. Perioral dermatitis. A histopathologic study of 26 cases. Br J Dermatol 1971;84:242–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 67  Ramelet AA, Delacretaz J. Histopathological study of perioral dermatitis. Dermatologica 1981;163:361–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 68  Cotterill JA. Perioral dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1979;101:259–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 69  Guin JD. Complications of topical hydrocortisone. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;4:417–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 70  Dubus JC, Marguet C, Deschildre A, et al. Local side‐effects of inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic children: influence of drug, dose, age, and device. Allergy 2001;56:944–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 71  Velangi SS, Humphreys F, Beveridge GW. Periocular dermatitis associated with the prolonged use of a steroid eye ointment. Clin Exp Dermatol 1998;23:297–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 72  Wilkinson DS, Kirton V, Wilkinson JD. Perioral dermatitis: a 12‐year review. Br J Dermatol 1979;101:245–57. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 73  Macdonald A, Feiwel M. Perioral dermatitis: aetiology and treatment with tetracycline. Br J Dermatol 1972;87:315–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 74  Wells K, Brodell RT. Topical corticosteroid ‘addiction’. A cause of perioral dermatitis. Postgrad Med 1993;93:225–30. Pubmed link
  • 75  Knautz MA, Lesher JL. Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 1996;13:131–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link