Introduction

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Panniculitis

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• 42  Sánchez Yus E, Simón RS, Requena L. Vein, artery, or arteriole? A decisive question in hypodermal pathology. Am J Dermatopathol 2012;34:229–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 46  Segura S, Requena L. Anatomy and histology of normal subcutaneous fat, necrosis of adipocytes, and classification of the panniculitides. Dermatol Clin 2008;26:419–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 47  White JW, Winkelmann RK. Weber–Christian panniculitis: a review of 30 cases with this diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:56–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Superficial migratory thrombophlebitis

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• 63  Sánchez Yus E, Simón RS, Requena L. Vein, artery, or arteriole? A decisive question in hypodermal pathology. Am J Dermatopathol 2012;34:229–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 66  Motswaledi HM, Schulz EJ. Superficial thrombophlebitic tuberculide. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:1337–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa

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• 69  Díaz Perez JL, Schroeter AL, Winkelmann RK. Cutaneous periarteritis nodosa. Immunofluorescence studies. Arch Dermatol 1980;116:56–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 71  Kossard S, Lee JS, McGrath MA. Macular lymphocytic arteritis. J Cutan Pathol 2010;37:1114–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Necrobiosis lipoidica

• 72  Peyri J, Moreno A, Marcoval J. Necrobiosis lipoidica. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2007;26:87–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 75  Magro CM, Crowson AN, Regauer S. Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica tissue reactions as a manifestation of systemic disease. Hum Pathol 1996;27:50–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 76  Díaz Cascajo C, Borghi S. Subcutaneous pseudomembranous fat necrosis. New observations. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:5–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 78  O'Toole EA, Kennedy U, Nolan JJ, et al. Necrobiosis lipoidica: Only a minority of patients have diabetes mellitus. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:283–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 79  Holland CH, Givens V, Smoller BR. Expression of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter glut‐1 in areas of sclerotic collagen in necrobiosis lipoidica. J Cutan Pathol 2001;28:287–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Deep morphoea

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• 81  Torres VM, George WM. Diffuse eosinophilic fasciitis. A new syndrome or a variant of scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:1591–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 82  Jarrat M, Bybee JD, Ramsdell W. Eosinophilic fasciitis: an early variant of scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1979;1:221–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 83  Cramer SF, Kent L, Abramowsky C, Moskowitz RW. Eosinophilic fasciitis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1982;106:85–91. Pubmed link
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• 85  Michet CJ Jr, Doyle JA, Ginsburg WW. Eosinophilic fasciitis. Report of 15 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1981;56:27–34. Pubmed link
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• 88  Botet MW, Sanchez JL. The fascia in systemic scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980;3:36–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Subcutaneous granuloma annulare

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• 101  Bergman R, Pam Z, Lichtig C, et al. Localized granuloma annulare. Histopathological and direct immunofluorescence study or early lesions, and the adjacent normal‐looking skin of actively spreading lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 1993;15:544–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 104  Kallioinen M, Sandberg M, Kinnunen T, Oikarinen A. Collagen synthesis in granuloma annulare. J Invest Dermatol 1992;98:463–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 105  Hanna WM, Moreno‐Merlo F, Andrighetti L. Granuloma annulare: an elastic tissue disease? Case report and literature review. Ultrastructural Pathol 1999;23:33–8. Cross Ref link
• 106  Umbert P, Winkelmann RK. Histologic, ultrastructural, and histochemical studies of granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:1681–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 107  Misago N, Narisawa Y. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare with overlying localized granuloma annulare. J Dermatol 2010;37:755–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 108  Draheim JH, Johnson LC, Helwig EB. A clinico‐pathologic analysis of “rheumatoid” nodules occurring in 54 children. Am J Pathol 1959;35:678.
• 109  Dabski K, Winkelmann RK. Destructive granuloma annulare of the skin and underlying soft tissues – report of two cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 1991;16:218–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 110  Patterson JW. Rheumatoid nodule and subcutaneous granuloma annulare: A comparative histologic study. Am J Dermatopathol 1988;10:1–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 113  Evans MJ, Blessing K, Gray ES. Pseudorheumatoid nodule (deep granuloma annulare) of childhood: clinicopathologic features of twenty patients. Pediatr Dermatol 1994;11:6–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 116  Hornick JL, Dal Cin P, Fletcher CD. Loss of INI1 expression is characteristic of both conventional and proximal‐type epithelioid sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:542–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Rheumatoid nodule

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• 122  Hessian PA, Highton J, Kean A, Sun CK, Chin M. Cytokine profile of the rheumatoid nodule suggests that it is a Th1 granuloma. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:334–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 125  Highton J, Hessian PA, Kean A, Chin M. Cell death by apoptosis is a feature of the rheumatoid nodule. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:77–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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• 133  Dash S, Seibold JR, Tiku ML. Successful treatment of methotrexate induced nodulosis with D‐penicillamine. J Rheumatol 1999;26:1396–9. Pubmed link
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• 138  Cunnane G, Warnock M, Fye KH, et al. Accelerated nodulosis and vasculitis following etanercept therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002;47:445–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Erythema nodosum

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Erythema nodosum leprosum

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Erythema induratum of Bazin

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